All About Jackson Tracheostomy Tubes: From Placement to Maintenance

The Jackson tracheostomy tube is a specialized medical device used to maintain an open airway when regular breathing is compromised. Often made of metal, it’s used in long-term tracheostomy care, providing durability and stability compared to disposable plastic tracheostomy tubes. In this guide, we’ll cover the essentials of Jackson tracheostomy tubes—from placement to maintenance—to ensure safe and effective use.

What Is a Jackson Tracheostomy Tube?

A Jackson tracheostomy tube is a metal tube designed for long-term use in individuals who need consistent airway support. Unlike single-use plastic tracheostomy tubes, Jackson tubes are typically made of stainless steel or sterling silver, which makes them reusable and easy to sterilize. They come in various sizes and styles to accommodate individual anatomical and clinical needs.

Jackson tubes are often used in cases where a patient requires a tracheostomy for an extended period, providing both comfort and stability. The tube is designed to fit securely in the trachea, allowing patients to breathe comfortably while reducing the risk of airway blockage.

Placement of a Jackson Tracheostomy Tube

Placing a Jackson tracheostomy tube requires careful planning and expertise. Here is an overview of the process:

1. Pre-Surgical Assessment: Before placing a Jackson tube, a comprehensive assessment is conducted to determine the size and type of tube that best fits the patient’s needs. The surgeon assesses the patient’s anatomy, respiratory status, and any pre-existing conditions.
2. Surgical Insertion: The Jackson tracheostomy tube is typically placed in a sterile environment by a skilled surgeon.
   • Incision: A small incision is made in the neck over the trachea.
   • Creating the Tract: The surgeon creates an opening (stoma) in the trachea, often between the second and third tracheal rings.
   • Securing the Tube: The Jackson tube is carefully inserted through the stoma and secured with sutures, ties, or a tracheostomy collar.
3. Post-Operative Care: After placement, the patient is closely monitored for complications such as bleeding, infection, or airway obstruction. Initial care focuses on ensuring the tube is securely placed and functioning properly.

Key Features of Jackson Tracheostomy Tubes

• Metal Composition: Made of durable, hypoallergenic metal, Jackson tubes are ideal for patients with long-term tracheostomy needs.
• Inner Cannula: Many Jackson tubes come with a removable inner cannula for easy cleaning and maintenance.
• Secure Fit: The structure of the Jackson tube provides a stable, comfortable fit within the trachea, which minimizes the risk of accidental dislodgement.
• Ease of Sterilization: The metal design allows Jackson tubes to be sterilized and reused, making them suitable for individuals needing long-term airway support.

Benefits of Jackson Tracheostomy Tubes

The durability and design of Jackson tubes offer several benefits:

• Long-Term Use: Unlike disposable plastic tracheostomy tubes, Jackson tubes can be used for an extended period, reducing the frequency of replacements.
• Reduced Allergy Risk: Metal tubes are less likely to cause allergic reactions or skin irritation, which is beneficial for patients with sensitivities.
• Comfort and Stability: Jackson tubes provide a comfortable fit and are stable, reducing movement that could irritate the airway.

Maintenance and Care of a Jackson Tracheostomy Tube

Proper maintenance is essential for the functionality and hygiene of a Jackson tracheostomy tube. Below are recommended care steps:

1. Cleaning the Inner Cannula

• Frequency: Clean the inner cannula at least once or twice daily, depending on the patient’s respiratory secretions.
• Steps:
  • Wash hands thoroughly before handling the tracheostomy tube.
  • Carefully remove the inner cannula and soak it in a cleaning solution, such as hydrogen peroxide diluted with water, or follow your healthcare provider’s guidance.
  • Use a small, soft brush to remove any buildup, then rinse the cannula with sterile water.
  • Dry thoroughly before reinserting.

2. Cleaning Around the Stoma Site

• Daily Cleaning: Clean the skin around the tracheostomy site daily to prevent infection.
• Steps:
  • Use sterile gauze, saline, or mild soap with warm water to gently clean around the stoma.
  • Avoid harsh or abrasive cleaning agents, which could irritate the skin.
  • Pat the area dry with a sterile cloth, and apply a fresh dressing if needed.

3. Changing the Tracheostomy Ties

• Secure Positioning: Ensure the tube stays securely in place by regularly checking and adjusting the tracheostomy ties or collar.
• How-To: Replace ties as necessary, ensuring they are snug but not too tight to allow for comfort and reduce irritation.

4. Inspecting for Obstruction

• Routine Checks: Inspect the tube regularly for mucus buildup or any obstructions.
• How-To: Suction the tube if needed to remove secretions that could obstruct airflow. Use sterile suctioning techniques to prevent infection.

5. Monitoring for Complications

• Signs of Infection: Watch for redness, swelling, or discharge at the stoma site, which could indicate an infection.
• Seek Medical Help: If you observe fever, increased discomfort, or changes in breathing, reach out to a healthcare provider.

When to Replace a Jackson Tracheostomy Tube

While Jackson tracheostomy tubes are designed for long-term use, they still require periodic replacement. Replacement is typically done by a healthcare professional and may be needed if:

• The tube shows signs of wear or damage.
• The tube no longer fits properly or becomes uncomfortable.
• The patient’s clinical needs change, requiring a different tube size or style.

Frequently Asked Questions About Jackson Tracheostomy Tubes

How long can a Jackson Tracheostomy Tube stay in place?

Jackson tubes are designed for extended use and can stay in place for months to years, depending on the patient’s needs. Regular assessments by a healthcare provider determine the appropriate replacement intervals.

Are Jackson Tracheostomy Tubes Compatible with ventilators?

Jackson tubes are not usually compatible with ventilators due to their metal structure and lack of a cuff. Patients who need ventilator support often require a different type of tracheostomy tube.

Can patients with Jackson Tracheostomy Tubes speak?

Speaking with a Jackson tube can be challenging due to its structure and lack of fenestration. However, with a speaking valve, some patients may be able to produce speech. Consulting a healthcare provider about speech options is recommended.

Conclusion

The Jackson Tracheostomy Tube offers a durable, comfortable option for patients needing long-term airway support. Proper placement, careful maintenance, and routine inspections are crucial to ensure optimal performance and reduce the risk of complications. By following best practices in Jackson tube care, patients and caregivers can help ensure a smooth and safe recovery while maintaining essential respiratory support.